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6061 T6 Aluminum Plate

6061 aluminum alloy plate is an alloy steel plate material with good corrosion resistance, excellent weldability, good cold workability, and moderate strength.

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1. Material Composition & Manufacturing Process

6061 aluminum alloy (ASTM B209, AMS QQ-A-250/11) is a heat-treatable Al-Mg-Si alloy optimized for high strength-to-weight ratio applications. The T6 temper provides optimal mechanical properties through solution heat treatment and artificial aging:

Alloy Chemistry:

Magnesium (Mg): 0.8-1.2% (solution strengthening)

Silicon (Si): 0.4-0.8% (precipitation hardening)

Copper (Cu): 0.15-0.40% (enhanced machining)

Chromium (Cr): 0.04-0.35% (grain control)

Iron (Fe): ≤0.70% max

Base Material:

Aluminum (Al): ≥97.5% (balance)

Controlled Impurities:

Zinc (Zn): ≤0.25% max

Titanium (Ti): ≤0.15% max

Manganese (Mn): ≤0.15% max

Thermomechanical Processing:

Direct Chill Casting: 680-710°C molten temperature

Homogenization: 540-560°C for 8-12 hours

Hot Rolling: Reduction at 430-490°C

Cold Rolling: Final gauge reduction (15-25%)

Solution Heat Treatment: 530°C ±5°C for 1-2 hours

Water Quenching: Cooling rate >200°C/min

Artificial Aging: 160-180°C for 8-12 hours

Certified to AMS 4025 and EN 485 standards with full traceability from billet to finished plate.

2. Mechanical Properties of T6 Temper State

Property	Minimum	Typical	Test Standard	Notes
Ultimate Tensile Strength	260 MPa	310 MPa	ASTM B557	Superior to T651 temper
Yield Strength (Rp0.2)	240 MPa	275 MPa	ASTM B557	95% retention at 100°C
Elongation (50mm gauge)	10%	12-17%	ASTM B557	Higher in thicker sections
Shear Strength	170 MPa	205 MPa	ASTM B769	85% of tensile strength
Bearing Strength	480 MPa	530 MPa	ASTM E238	e/D=2.0 condition
Fatigue Strength (10⁷)	95 MPa	110 MPa	ASTM E466	R=-1 condition
Hardness (Brinell)	95 HB	100 HB	ASTM E10	Consistent through plate
Impact Toughness (Charpy)	14 J	18 J	ASTM E23	At room temperature
Fracture Toughness (K₁c)	29 MPa√m	34 MPa√m	ASTM E399	T-L orientation

3. T6 Heat Treatment & Microstructure Control

Precision Thermal Processing:

Solution Treatment:

Temperature: 529-533°C (±3°C control)

Soak Time: 60 minutes minimum per inch thickness

Atmosphere: Protective nitrogen environment

Quenching Process:

Transfer Time: <15 seconds furnace-to-quench

Water Temperature: 20-40°C (chiller controlled)

Agitation: Turbulent flow >1.5 m/sec

Aging Treatment:

Single Stage: 165-175°C for 8-10 hours

Double Stage: 120°C/5hr + 175°C/8hr (special)

Microstructural Characteristics:

Grain Size: ASTM 6-7 (50-100μm)

Precipitate Phases:

β" needle precipitates (5-50nm length)

β' rod-like phases (100-500nm)

Secondary Precipitates:

Al-Fe-Si dispersoids

Mg₂Si hardening phases

Dislocation Density: 4-6×10¹⁰/cm²

Recrystallization Fraction: 75-90%

4. Dimensional Specifications & Tolerances

Parameter	Standard Range	Commercial Tolerance	Precision Tolerance
Thickness	3-150 mm	±0.5-1.0%	±0.1-0.3%
Width	1000-3000 mm	±10 mm	±2 mm
Length	2000-12000 mm	+20/-0 mm	+5/-0 mm
Flatness	N/A	ASTM B209 Class	1/4 commercial spec
Surface Roughness	N/A	0.8-1.5 μm Ra	0.2-0.4 μm Ra
Squareness	N/A	≤2 mm/1000 mm	≤0.5 mm/1000 mm

Special Capabilities:

Oversize Plates: Up to 4500mm wide × 18000mm long

Ultrasonic Calibration: ASTM B594 Level A

Edge Conditions: Plasma cut, machined, or mill finish

Weight Calculation Formula: Thickness (mm) × Width (m) × Length (m) × 2.703 = Weight (kg)

5. Corrosion Resistance & Surface Protection

Environment	Performance	Corrosion Rate	Protection Method
Industrial Atmospher	Good	0.005-0.02 mm/yr	Chromic acid anodizing
Marine Environments	Fair	0.01-0.03 mm/yr	Fluoropolymer coating
Fresh Water	Excellent	Negligible	PTFE impregnation
Chemical Exposure	Varies	Acid-dependent	PVDF coating
Stress Corrosion	Good	SCC threshold>150MPa	Special tempering

Surface Enhancement Options:

Anodizing:

Type II: 5-25μm thickness

Type III: 25-75μm hardness

Chemical Conversion:

Chromate (Class 1A)

Chromium-free alternatives

Organic Finishes:

Powder coating (60-120μm)

Liquid coatings (EP, PU, Acrylic)

Embossing Options:

Diamond plate pattern

Linear tread patterns

6. Machining & Fabrication Performance

Operation	Tool Material	Recommended Parameters	Surface Quality
Milling	Carbide inserts	Vc=500-800 m/min, fz=0.1-0.3 mm	Ra 0.8-1.6 μm
Drilling	HSS-Co drills	Vc=50-80 m/min, fn=0.1 mm/rev	Hole tolerance H9
Turning	PCD tools	Vc=800-1200 m/min	Ra 0.4-0.8 μm
Tapping	Spiral taps	Vc=10-15 m/min	6H thread quality
Waterjet Cutting	3800 bar abrasive	Speed=150-300 mm/min	±0.15 mm precision

Forming Characteristics:

Bend Radius (Minimum):

90° bending: 1.5T (T=thickness)

Cold forming: 2.0T minimum

Elastic Springback: 1-3° compensation required

Stretch Formability:

Maximum elongation: 8-10%

Strain hardening exponent: 0.08-0.12

7. Welding & Joining Technologies

Recommended Welding Processes:

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW):

Wire: ER4043 or ER5356

Parameters: 20-24V, 160-220A

Gas: Argon (100%) or Ar/He mix

Tungsten Inert Gas (GTAW):

Electrode: Ceriated tungsten

Amperage: 150-300A DCEN

Friction Stir Welding (FSW):

Tool rotation: 600-1200 RPM

Travel speed: 150-350 mm/min

Post-Weld Heat Treatment:

Solution heat treatment: Not recommended

Aging Only: 165°C for 4-6 hours

Natural Aging: T4 condition restored after 4 days

8. Physical Properties for Engineering Applications

Property	Value	Application Significance
Density	2.70 g/cm³	Lightweight structural design
Young's Modulus	68.9 GPa	Stiffness calculations
Poisson's Ratio	0.33	Finite element analysis
CTE (20-100°C)	23.6 ×10⁻⁶/K	Thermal expansion consideration
Thermal Conductivity	167 W/m·K	Heat dissipation applications
Electrical Conductivity	40% IACS	Electrical enclosures
Melting Range	582-652°C	High-temperature limitations
Magnetic Permeability	1.00002	Non-magnetic applications
Specific Heat Capacity	896 J/kg·K	Thermal management systems

9. Quality Control & Certification

Testing Protocol:

Chemical Analysis: Spark OES for all shipments

Mechanical Testing:

Tensile tests: Each 2000kg lot

Hardness: Multiple locations per plate

Non-Destructive Testing:

Ultrasonic: Per ASTM B594 Level A

Dye Penetrant: ASTM E1417

Corrosion Testing:

ASTM G47 for SCC assessment

ASTM G67 for intergranular corrosion

Certification Compliance:

ISO 9001:2015 Quality System

AS9100 Aerospace Certification

NADCAP Accredited Heat Treating

PED 2014/68/EU Compliance

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

AMS 2770 Heat Treatment Standard

10. Industrial Applications & Handling

Core Application Sectors:

Aerospace structural components

Marine frames and decking

Automotive chassis and frames

Defense vehicle armor plating

Robotics structural elements

High-performance bicycle frames

Semiconductor equipment

Architectural structural elements

Storage & Handling Protocol:

Storage Orientation: Vertical or flat with even support

Environmental Controls:

Temperature: 15-30°C

Humidity: <60% RH

Surface Protection:

Protective plastic film

VCI (vapor corrosion inhibitor) paper

Stacking Requirements:

Wood spacers every 300-500mm

Maximum stack height: 1000mm

Handling Equipment:

Vacuum lifting systems

Non-magnetic hooks

Edge protectors on slings

Cutting & Fabrication Precautions:

Plasma cutting parameter control

Waterjet cutting angle precision

Machining coolant requirements

Pre-bending heat treatment considerations

Post-weld aging recommendations

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